Aurora

Due to the friction between the cosmic rays coming from space, the solar winds and the magnetic effects of the Earth, a glow is generated above the magnetic poles of the Earth, which is called Aurora. * These polar lights originate in the ionosphere. When this glow is above the North Geomagnetic Pole it is called Aurora Borealis and when it is above the South Geomagnetic Pole it is called Aurora Australis.

This brightness is 75 to 300 km. Occurs at a height of These are visible at night from middle and high latitudes.
To know the mystery of the origin of these aurora lights, on February 17, 2007, ‘Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms’ space mission was successfully launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. This is the first-5 satellite mission of NASA, whose objective is to study the factors, structure, intensity, interact and local constraints and their role in changes etc. of aurora. A research paper was published on July 24, 2008, by a team of scientists led by cosmologist Vassilis Angelopoulos analyzing the data provided by THEMIS. It has become clear from the research that Magnetic-Reconnection is the motivating element of Aurora and this phenomenon is 120000 km from the Earth. Happens away. That is, the luminous condition occurs relatively far from the Earth (1/3 of the distance from the Moon to the Earth) in space, when two magnetic lines, after being stretched like rubber, again join at a rapid speed and take a new form, generating a huge amount of energy. and transmits it to the earth.

Radio Fade Out

Due to the effect of solar winds and solar-cosmic rays (Solar winds & Cosmic rays), the depletion of ionized gas layer of the earth’s ionosphere is called radio fade out. We Earthlings are protected from solar winds and solar-cosmic rays by Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field, because these charged particles from the Sun are caught by Earth’s magnetic field and some are deflected towards Earth’s magnetic poles. Let’s go Only the most powerful particles fall on the equatorial region in the upper atmosphere of the Earth. They react with the air molecules and do not reach the surface of the earth. But they damage the ionized gas of the ionosphere.

Plasma State of Matter

A physicist named Irwin Langmoor (1923) used the word plasma for the first time. At very high temperature, any substance does not remain in its three normal states of solid, liquid and gas and remains in plasma or ion state, which is also called the fourth state of matter. The substances found in most of the stars present in the universe are usually found in this state. * Almost all the parts of the matter present in the Sun are in this state. Similarly, inter-stellar matter, auroras and lightening produced by clouds also remain in this state. Plasma is the same example.